JOMPAC
Journal of Medicine and Palliative Care

Journal of Medicine and Palliative Care (JOMPAC) is an open access scientific journal with independent, unbiased, and double-blind review under international guidelines. The purpose of JOMPAC is to contribute to the literature by publishing articles on health sciences and medicine.

eISSN: 2717-7505
Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International License.
EndNote Style

Submit Manuscript

Index
Original Article
How sedation used prior to gastrointestinal endoscopies affects patients' anxiety level for future procedures
Abstract
Aims: The application of sedoanalgesia during gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures increases the success of the procedure as well as patient comfort and safety. The aims of this study are to investigate the anxiety levels of patients and potential early complications who practised sedoanalgesia in gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures before and two days after. Material and
Methods: The study was designed as a prospective, randomized, single-centre clinical trial. Patients over the age of 18 and had American Society of Anaesthesiology (ASA) physical status score 1-3 who were practised elective gastrointestinal endoscopy, between April 2022 and September 2022 were included to the study. The patients who refused to participate, were above ASA 3, and were illiterate, had an Ejection Fraction <30%, and had a diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric disease were excluded from the study. Informed consent obtained from all patients. Anxiety levels of the patients were evaluated with Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Hemodynamic changes, blood test results were recorded and compared before and after the procedure.
Results: One hundred four patients included to the study with the age of 23 to 79. Preoperative and postoperative BAI scores were found statistically significant (p<0.05). The patients’ satisfactions have seen very high after procedure. The complications have seen on 7 (%6.7) patients. All of the complications were due to nature of the procedure as epistaxis/mucosal trauma (n=3), equipment damage(n=4). There have been no serious or life-threatening complications during procedures.
Conclusion: Reducing anxiety by anaesthesia, patients will be more efficiently persuaded to execute endoscopy and by thus early diagnosis can be achieved. Patients who have undergone an endoscopy procedure while sedated have significantly fewer concerns about the future. This may increase the procedure's chances of success every time.

Keywords : Endoscopy, anaesthesia, anxiety

Download Article


1. Mulugeta H, Ayana M, Sintayehu M, Dessie G, Zewdu T.Preoperative anxiety and associated factors among adult surgicalpatients in Debre Markos and Felege Hiwot referral hospitals,Northwest Ethiopia. BMC Anesthesiol 2018; 30: 155.
2. Rex DK, Khalfan HK. Sedation and the technical performance ofcolonoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 2005; 15: 661-72.
3. Obara K, Haruma K, Irisawa A, et al. Guidelines for sedation ingastroenterological endoscopy. Dig Endosc 2015; 27: 435-49.
4. McQuaid KR, Laine L. A systematic review and meta-analysis ofrandomized, controlled trials of moderate sedation for routineendoscopic procedures. Gastrointest Endosc 2008; 67: 910-23.
5. Baudet JS, Aguirre-Jaime A. The sedation increases theacceptance of repeat colonoscopies. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol2012; 24: 775-80.
6. Kinugasa H, Higashi R, Miyahara K, et al. Dexmedetomidinefor conscious sedation with colorectal endoscopic submucosaldissection: A prospective double-blind randomized controlledstudy. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2018; 9: e167.
7. Wernli KJ, Brenner AT, Rutter CM, et al. Risks associated withanesthesia services during colonoscopy. Gastroenterology 2016;150: 888-94.
8. Bielawska B, Hookey LC, Sutradhar R, et al. Anesthesia assistancein outpatient colonoscopy and risk of aspiration pneumonia,bowel perforation, and splenic injury. Gastroenterology 2018;154: 77-85.
9. American Society of Anaesthesiologists. Statement on grantingprivileges to nonanesthesiologist practitioners for personallyadministering deep sedation or supervising deep sedation byindividuals who are not anesthesia professionals. Approved by theASA House of Delegates on October 18, 2006. Available at: http://www.asahq.org/publicationsAndServices/standards/ 39.pdf.
10. Peker K. Preoperatif anksiyetenin değerlendirilmesinde Beckve Durumluk-S&uuml;rekli Anksiyete &ouml;l&ccedil;eklerinin karşılaştırılması.JARSS 2020; 28: 109-15.
11. Spielberger CD. Manual for the state-trait anxietry,inventory. Consulting Psychologist, 1970.
12. Bardhoshi G, Duncan K, Erford BT. Psychometric meta-analysisof the English version of the beck anxiety inventory. J CounsDev 2016; 94: 356-73.
13. Beck AT, Epstein N, Brown G, Steer RA. An inventory formeasuring clinical anxiety: Psychometric properties. J ConsultClin Psychol 1988; 56: 893-7.
14. Beck AT, Steer RA, Beck JS. Types of self-reported anxiety inoutpatients with DSM-III-R anxiety disorders1. Anxiety StressCoping 1993; 6: 43-55.
15. Beck AT, Steer RA. BAI, Beck Anxiety Inventory: Manual;Psychological Corporation: San Antonio, TX, USA, 1993.
16. Toledano-Toledano F, Moral de la Rubia J. Factors associated withanxiety in family caregivers of children with chronic diseases. BioPsycho Soc Med 2018; 12: 20.
17. Leyfer OT, Ruberg JL, Woodruff-Borden J. Examination of theutility of the beck anxiety inventory and its factors as a screenerfor anxiety disorders. J. Anxiety Disord 2006; 20: 444-58.
18. Muntingh AD, van der Feltz-Cornelis CM, van Marwijk HW,Spinhoven P, Penninx BW, van Balkom AJ. Is the Beck anxietyinventory a good tool to assess the severity of anxiety? A primarycare study in the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety(NESDA). BMC Fam Pract 2011; 12: 66.
19. Veitch AM, Uedo N, Yao K, East JE. Optimizing early uppergastrointestinal cancer detection at endoscopy. Nat RevGastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 12: 660-7.
20. Saftoiu A, Hassan C, Areia M, et al. Role of gastrointestinalendoscopy in the screening of digestive tract cancers in Europe:European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) PositionStatement. Endoscopy 2020; 52: 293-304.
21. Inadomi JM, Gunnarsson CL, Rizzo JA, Fang H. Projectedincreased growth rate of anesthesia professional-deliveredsedation for colonoscopy and EGD in the United States: 2009 to2015. Gastrointest Endosc 2010; 72: 580-6.
22. Uysal H, Daskaya H. Analysis of anesthesia administration inthe endoscopy unit in terms of patient profile and complications:Retrospective study. Medeniyet Med J 2019; 34: 278-83.
23. Sargin M, Uluer MS, Aydogan E, et al. Anxiety levels inpatients undergoing sedation for elective upper gastrointestinalendoscopy and colonoscopy. Med Arch 2016; 70: 112-5.
24. Jones MP, Ebert CC, Sloan T, et al. Patient anxiety and electivegastrointestinal endoscopy. J Clin Gastroenterol 2004; 38: 35-40.
25. Ers&ouml;z F, Toros AB, Aydogan G, Bektas H, Ozcan O, Arikan S.Assessment of anxiety levels in patients during elective uppergastrointestinal endoscopy and colonoscopy. Turk J Gastroenterol2010; 21: 29-33.
26. Van Kerkhoven LA, Van Rossum LG, Van Oijen MG, et al.Anxiety, depression and psychotropic medication use in patientswith persistent upper and lower gastrointestinal symptoms.Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2005; 15: 1001-6.
27. Chung YW, Han DS, Yoo KS, Park CK. Patient factors predictiveof pain and difficulty during sedation-free colonoscopy: aprospective study in Korea. Dig Liver Dis 2007; 39: 872-6.
28. Caumo W, Schmidt AP, Schneider CN, et al. Risk factors forpreoperative anxiety in adults. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2001; 45:298-307.
29. Nigussie S, Belachew T, Wolancho W. Predictors of preoperativeanxiety among surgical patients in Jimma University SpecializedTeaching Hospital, South Western Ethiopia. BMC Surg 2014; 14:67.
30. Wardle J, Williamson S, Sutton S, et al. Psychological impact ofcolorectal cancer screening. Health Psychol 2003; 22: 54-9.
31. Previti G, Bianchini O, Dipasquale S, et al. Anxiety in patientsundergoing endoscopic procedures: identifying people at risk.Ann Depress Anxiety 2016; 3: 1072.
32. Jafar MF, Khan FA. Frequency of preoperative anxiety in Pakistanisurgical patients. J Pak Med Assoc 2009; 59: 359-63.
33. Prathapan S, Wanigabandu LU, Lamahewage N, et al. Anxietyof patients undergoing general anaesthesia and their myths andbeliefs. Sri Lankan J Anaesthesiol 2013; 22: 11-4.
34. Erdal H, G&uuml;ndoğmuş İ, Sinan Aydın M, et al. Is the choice ofanesthesia during gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures a resultof anxiety? Arab J Gastroenterol 2021; 22: 56-60.
Article available in :
Volume 4, Issue 1, 2023
Page : 63-68
https://doi.org/10.47582/jompac.1200674
Article Information
Submitted : 13 Oca 2023
Accepted : 02 Şub 2023
Corresponding Author :

Ummahan Dalkılınç Hökenek: Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kırdar City Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey

[email protected]
Citation : Sayın Kart J, Dalkilinc Hokenek U. How sedation used prior to gastrointestinal endoscopies affects patients' anxiety level for future procedures. J Med Palliat Care 2023; 4(1): 63-68.

Read: 85
Cited: 0
Download : 32
_Footer